Autoimmune hepatitis and systemic sclerosis A rare overlap

Autoimmune hepatitis concomitant with other immune-mediated diseases is an increasingly recognized condition which is difficult to diagnose. We present the case of a 42-year-old woman with no significant medical history who consulted due to progressive growth of an abdominal mass in the right hypochondriac region and associated constitutional syndrome. The physical exam showed hepatomegaly, calcinosis and salt-and-pepper depigmentation of the skin, and Raynaud's phenomenon in the hands. Paraclinical tests reported elevated transaminases and IgM immunoglobulin, as well as positive antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) and smooth muscle antibodies (SMAs), along with imaging signs of portal hypertension. A liver biopsy was compatible with autoimmune hepatitis, and treatment was begun with corticosteroids, with an adequate response. Systemic sclerosis is one of the autoimmune diseases which can present in a patient with autoimmune hepatitis. Suspecting, diagnosing and following up these diseases in this type of patients is key in their comprehensive management. (Acta Med Colomb 2022; 48. DOI:https://doi.org/10.36104/amc.2023.2609).

Placenta accreta spectrum disorders in the first trimester: a systematic review.

Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorders involve an abnormality in the implantation of the placenta, being rarely diagnosed in the first trimester. To conduct a systematic review of the risk factors, clinical and imaging features, and outcomes of histopathologically confirmed cases of PAS disorders in the first trimester of pregnancy. Different databases including PubMed, MEDLINE Complete, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, SciELO, LILACS, and Ovid were reviewed up to November 2018. 55 patients with a definitive histopathological diagnosis were reported. About 18 had a history of prior curettage and 47 of previous caesarean deliveries (CD). About 74.54% presented with miscarriage and ultrasound signs of caesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) were reported in 22.49%. Temporal sequence of diagnostic studies could be determined in 52 women, and, among these, PAS disorders were defined through imaging techniques in 11 (21.15%) while surgical findings unveiled them in 15 (28.84%). Nonetheless, in half of the cases, the diagnosis was concluded only on histopathological samples. PAS disorders in the first trimester of pregnancy are rarely diagnosed through imaging techniques and lead to hysterectomy in most cases. Ultrasound training to detect PAS disorders in women with risk factors is crucial for early diagnosis and prevention of adverse outcomes.

Primary orbital leiomyosarcoma / Leiomiosarcoma primario de órbita

Abstract Leiomyosarcoma is an aggressive mesenchymal malignant tumor which rarely presents in head and neck structures. There are few cases published in the literature, and clinical suspicion, diagnosis and early treatment are considered to be essential for dealing with the adverse outcomes derived from its poor prognosis. We report the first case of primary orbital leiomyosarcoma in Colombia, diagnosed in an older adult who consulted due to eight months of progressive growth of the left frontotemporal region along with dysarthria, vision loss and ipsilateral painful proptosis. Imaging studies revealed a large osteolytic lesion involving the orbit and central nervous system. An incisional biopsy was performed, reporting high-grade leiomyosarcoma. Once metastasis was ruled out, complete excision of the lesion was ordered, along with radiation therapy. After 10 months of close follow up, the patient had progressed well, with no local recurrences or distant metastases. (Acta Med Colomb 2021; 46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36104/amc.2021.1937).

Resumen El leiomiosarcoma es un tumor maligno de origen mesenquimal de naturaleza agresiva que infrecuentemente se presenta en estructuras de cabeza y cuello. Son pocos los casos publicados en la literatura, siendo considerado su sospecha, diagnóstico y tratamiento temprano fundamentales para enfrentar los desenlaces adversos derivados de su mal pronóstico. Se reporta el primer caso en Colombia de leiomiosarcoma primario de órbita, diagnosticado en un paciente adulto mayor quien consultó por ocho meses de aumento progresivo de la zona frontotemporal izquierda acompañado de disartria, pérdida de visión y proptosis dolorosa ipsilateral. Los estudios imagenológicos eviden ciaron extensa lesión osteolítica con compromiso orbitario y de sistema nervioso central. Se realizó biopsia incisional, con reporte de leiomiosarcoma de alto grado. Tras descartar metástasis, se indicó exéresis completa de la lesión e inicio de radioterapia. A los diez meses de estrecho seguimiento, el paciente presentó una evolución favorable sin recurrencias locales ni metástasis a distancia. (Acta Med Colomb 2021; 46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36104/amc.2021.1937).

Revisión de los criterios diagnósticos para el síndrome de ovario poliquístico / Review of diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome

Resumen El síndrome de ovario poliquístico, es la alteración endocrina metabólica más frecuente en mujeres en edad fértil, teniendo implicaciones a nivel reproductivo, metabólico, cardiovascular y psicosocial. Actualmente, su sobrediagnóstico corresponde a una problemática común derivada de la heterogeneidad en la aplicación de los criterios actualmente avalados para su hallazgo, lo que ha contribuido en el incremento de tratamientos innecesarios, así como los efectos negativos en la calidad de vida y el bienestar de las pacientes falsamente calificadas con este trastorno. Se realizó una búsqueda en PubMed-MENDELEY y Ovid entre los meses de Febrero a Abril del 2020, obteniendo 43 artículos relacionados con el tema, publicados en los últimos 10 años. El conocimiento por parte del personal médico capacitado sobre los consensos actuales para la correcta evaluación del síndrome y el estudio individualizado de cada caso, corresponden las medidas más apropiadas para la reducción del sobrediagnóstico. MÉD.UIS.2020;33(3):21-28

Abstract Polycystic ovary syndrome is the most frequent metabolic endocrine disorder in women of childbearing age, having implications at both the reproductive, metabolic, cardiovascular and psychosocial levels. Currently, its overdiagnosis corresponds to a common problem derived from the heterogeneity in the application of the criteria currently endorsed for its discovery, which has contributed to the increase in unnecessary treatments, as well as the negative effects on the quality of life and well-being of falsely rated patients with this disorder. A search was made in PubMed-MENDELEY and Ovid between the months of February to April of 2020, obtaining 43 articles related to the topic, published in the last 10 years. The knowledge on the part of the trained medical personnel about the current consensuses for the correct evaluation of the syndrome and the individualized study of each case, correspond to the most appropriate measures for the reduction of this event. MÉD.UIS.2020;33(3):21-28